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馬の伝染性貧血の臨床診断法に関する研究
https://az.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/3166
https://az.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/31660f62b3ca-3469-4dab-84e2-c8fe655d12e1
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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diss_dv_otsu0054_1 (1.8 MB)
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diss_dv_otsu0054_2 (1.5 MB)
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diss_dv_otsu0054_jab&rev (410.7 kB)
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diss_dv_otsu0054_jab.pdf (120.2 kB)
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diss_dv_otsu0054_eab.pdf (980.3 kB)
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| Item type | 学位論文 / Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2013-01-22 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 馬の伝染性貧血の臨床診断法に関する研究 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Studies on the clinical diagnosis of equine infectious anemia | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 言語 | ||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec | |||||
| 資源タイプ | thesis | |||||
| 著者 |
清, 忠臣
× 清, 忠臣× Sei, Tadaomi |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | 1904年に、かの有名なCARRE et VALLEE によって、馬の伝染性貧血（伝貧）は、病毒に起因するということが発表されて以来、先人が各方面から、これが究明に絶大な努力を傾注してきたが予期に反してその実績は、あまり表われずに終戦となった次第である。 戦後も農林省関係その他の研究者によって、絶え間ない探究の結果、電子顕微鏡下における病原体の観察報告あるいは、伝貧病毒が馬の白血球内で増殖でき、これを抗元とした血清反応が可能となるなど、ここ10年来画期的な成果が報告されている。しかし、このように逐次解明されているけれども未だ未解決の点が多い。特に適確な診断、治療、予防については確立されていない現況である。 私は、幼駒7頭に伝貧病毒を接種して慢性伝貧を作り、接種前の調査事項を対照とし、一般臨床、血液所見、心電図学的所見、血圧所見などについて精査検討したところ、慢性伝貧診断の一助たりうる成果を得たと思われるので報告する。 1）一般臨床所見 病毒接種後、約12日前後の潜伏期間を経て発病し、1号馬は急性、2号馬以下の6頭は慢性経過をとった。慢性型の6実験馬には、何れも回帰熱が認められ、この体温曲線中に日差の逆転がしばしば観察された。 逆転体温については過去の文献などにも診断上の重要性は述べられているが、これを深く追及したところ、次のようなことが判明した。すなわち、逆転体温なるものの姿は、接種後の方が出現が多く、接種前に比較して、ほぼ「2：3」であった。そして接種後の逆転体温の日差は大であり、逆転体温の平均値（算術）は、前日の平均値より小さい。これは「温度的位置づけ」といえる。また逆転体温は、熱発作の下降期より出現し、その直後にわたり連続的に観察される（大山附随型）。 更に平常温中にみられる暫時熱の直後に孤立した逆転体温が認められる（小山附随型）。 この両者は、回帰熱を呈する場合では、交互に出現して一種の韻律を形成している。 すなわち、前述の温度的位置づけに対し、これは「形態的位置づけ」といいうる。 因みに、この逆転体温は、結核病においてしばしば所見されるものといわれているが、本邦においては、馬の骸病に関する報告は見当らないので、伝貧特有のものとして扱っても大過なきものと思われる。 呼吸数においては、特筆すべき変化は、みられなかったが、脈搏数では、平常温となっても、やや増回している傾向がうかがえた。 2）血液所見 赤血球数は、総体的に減少を示しているが、可成の時点において成績は、区々であり一概に論じ難いことも多かった。 白血球数は、接種後一時的に増加を示したが、経時的には減少をみた。白血球像の所見では、比較的単球の増加を、リンパ球と好中球については、接種後もリンパ球の方が好中球に比べて相対値は、大のまま推移し、絶対値の変化もまた、おおむねこの比率を保持していた。 結膜の所見においては、貧血や黄疸が発現し、680万の赤血球数で帯黄蒼白色、540万では不潔帯黄淡紅色あるいは、蒼白のものもあった。 ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリット値も接種後は著しい減少が認められた。 3）心電図学的所見 R－R、P－P、P－Q、Q－T intervalの変化は、個体差および計測時点などにより一定の線は決し難く、その程度もまた僅少であった。 P波は、おおむね延長と振幅の減少を認め、一部のものに、二頭形の変化がみられたに過ぎない。 QRS群のduarationは、多少の延長がみられ、低振幅のrS型を呈している。 T波では、duarationの変化に乏しいが、接種後、逆転あるいは二相性などに変化している。 ST部においては、duarationの変化に乏しいが、2号馬を除き上昇が認められたことは、注目される所見である。 4）血圧所見 接種後は、予期した如く経時的に降下し、100mmg以下を記録した。 以上の接種伝貧の試験結果よりみて、慢性伝貧の臨床所見であると一概に論じられないが、特に次の3項は、診断上有力な因子として、意義があるものと考えられる。 (a)逆転体温の温度的、形態的の位置づけが見出され、多発および日差数値の増加が観察された。 (b)白血球像中、単球の増加が所見された。また、好中球よりもリンパ球の相対値が高いまま（健康幼駒の状態）推移していることは、診断対象が幼駒の場合には、留意すべきである。 (c)心電図所見上、急性型（1号馬）では、概して起電力の増加が、その他の慢性型においては、減少がみられた一方、ST部の上昇は、全般的に目立った存在であった。 |
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| Abstract | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||
| 内容記述 | In 1904, the famous Carré and Vallée reported that equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by filtrable virus. Since then, great efforts have been made by many investigators from various angles to clarify the nature of this disease. Contrary to the anticipation, however, they were not always successful in giving satisfactory results up to the end of World War II. Even after the war, persistent studies have been carried out by research workers related to the ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and other institutions. In consequence, epoch-making results have been obtained for the past ten years. For instance, the etiological agent of EIA was observed by the electron microscope and its morphology described. It was successfully propagated in the culture of equine leukocytes to produce antigen with which it was possible to perform a serological test. In spite of such gradual progress as mentioned above, there are still many problems to be settled about this disease. In particular, nothing reliable has been established about the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of the disease up to this time. In the present studies, chronic EIA was produced experimentally in 7 colts by inoculation with EIA virus. These animals were examined in detail for general clinical, hematological, electrocardiographical, and blood pressure findings. The results obtained from these examinations seem to be available for the diagnosis of chronic EIA. This paper deals with these results. 1) General clinical findings. When the animals were inoculated with EIA virus, they began to manifest clinical symptoms after am incubation period of about 12 days. All of them took a chronic course of disease, except one, or horse No.1, which took an acute course of disease. The six animals of chronic form exhibited recurrent fever, without exception. In the body temperature curves of these animals, the reversion of the diurnal difference was observed frequently. As for the reversion of body temperature, its importance in the diagnosis of EIA has been mentioned in previous papers. Then it was studied scrupulously with the following results. The reversion of body temperature appeared more frequently after inoculation than before inoculation. The ratio of the frequency of its appearance before inoculation to that after inoculation was almost 2:3. Moreover, the diurnal difference in reversed body temperature after inoculation was large. The arithmetical mean of reversed body temperature was smaller in value than that estimated on the previous day. These results are considered to indicate "the location of temperature." On the other hand, the reversion of body temperature appeared in the descending stage of febrile fit and was observed continuously for some time immediately after this stage (a type accompanied by a large peak). Furthermore, an isolated reversion of body temperature was noticed immediately after a transient fever which had appeared during the period of normal body temperature (a type accompanied by a small peak). The two types appeared alternately one after the other, showing a kind of rhythm, when the disease took a form of recurrent fever. These results are considered to indicate "the morphological location," in contrast to the above-mentioned "location of temperature." By the way, it has been reported that such reversion of body temperature as this has often been noticed in the case of tuberculosis. In Japan, however, no papers seem to have been published to deal with tuberculosis in horses. Therefore, it would be safe to regard the reversion of body temperature as a sign characteristic of EIA. There were no particular changes in the respiratory rate. The pulse rate showed a tendency to increase a little even after body temperature had returned to a normal level. 2) Hematological findings. In general, erythrocytes revealed a decrease in count. They increased in count rather frequently, and it was difficult to discuss the erythrocyte count as a whole. Leukocytes increased transitionally in count after inoculation. Generally speaking, they decreased gradually in count with the lapse of time. In the differential leukocyte count, monocytes increased comparatively and the relative count of lymphocytes remained to be greater than that of neutrophils even after inoculation. These two types of leukocytes changed in absolute number within such range that the ratio of relative count was almost always maintained between them. Conjunctival findings revealed the occurrence of anemia and jaundice. In some animals, the erythrocyte count was 6.8 millions and the conjunctivae were yellowish pale. In others, the erythrocyte count was 5.4 millions and the conjunctivae were filthy yellowish pink or pale. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values showed a striking decrease after inoculation. 3) Electrocardiographical findings. It was difficult to draw any definite conclusion on the changes of R-R, P-P, P-Q, or Q-T interval, since there were individual differences and disparity of time of measurement. Those changes were small. The P wave mostly prolonged and decreased in amplitude. Double-headed changes were seen only in a few animals. The QRS group exhibited a slight prolongation in duration, being an rS type of low amplitude. The T wave hardly changed in duration, but underwent reversing or diphasic changes after inoculation. The ST portion hardly changed in duration. It should be noted that this portion showed an increase in all the horses, except No. 2. 4) Blood pressure findings. As anticipated, blood pressure decreased with the lapse of time after inoculation. It went down below 100 mmHg. The above-mentioned findings obtained from the horses inoculated with EIA virus may not be enough to be regarded conclusively as all the clinical findings of chronic EIA. Nevertheless, it is presumed that especially the following three items may be significant as important factors for the diagnosis of EIA. (a) The reversion of body temperature could be located morphologically and from a viewpoint of temperature. Its frequent occurrence and an increase in diurnal difference of its value were observed. (b) In the differential leukocyte count, monocytes increased in count. Moreover, lymphocytes remained to be larger in relative value than neutrophils in the inoculated animals as in healthy intact young horses. These points should be taken into consideration when the diagnosis of EIA is to be made on young horses. (c) In electrocardiographical findings, electromotive force increased in one horse (No. 1) of acute form and decreased generally in the other horses of chronic form. On the other hand, it was generally an outstanding change that there was an increase in the ST portion. |
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| 学位名 | ||||||
| 学位名 | 獣医学博士 | |||||
| 学位授与機関 | ||||||
| 学位授与機関名 | 麻布大学 | |||||
| 学位授与年月日 | ||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | 1972-11-20 | |||||
| 学位授与番号 | ||||||
| 学位授与番号 | 乙第 54号 | |||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||
| 出版タイプ | AM | |||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |||||
