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牛胎仔および新生犢の食道と胃の合成樹脂鋳型法を用いた(生体およびこれに近い状態における)計測並びに局所解剖学的研究
https://az.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/3180
https://az.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/3180ca46e086-18fb-4107-96b4-3c7edbb4eaf2
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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diss_dv_otsu0169 (18.1 MB)
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diss_dv_otsu0169_jab&rev (301.9 kB)
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diss_dv_otsu0169_jab.pdf (133.4 kB)
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| Item type | 学位論文 / Thesis or Dissertation(1) | |||||||
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| 公開日 | 2013-01-29 | |||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||
| タイトル | 牛胎仔および新生犢の食道と胃の合成樹脂鋳型法を用いた(生体およびこれに近い状態における)計測並びに局所解剖学的研究 | |||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||
| タイトル | Studies on the morphologic development of the bovine stomach during fetal to neonatal period with observation of the gastric resin-cast | |||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||
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| 言語 | jpn | |||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||
| 資源タイプ | thesis | |||||||
| 著者 |
深谷, 幸作
× 深谷, 幸作
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| 抄録 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||
| 内容記述 | 反芻動物の独特な消化生理を営む反芻胃に関する諸研究は，いわゆるRuminologieとして生理学的，生化学的ないし組織化学を主軸に数多くの研究業績が報告されている。しかしながらこの領域での解剖学的研究は，必ずしも充分でなく，また発生学的な形態推移を比較検討した研究は数少ない。本研究はこれらの点について合成樹脂注入法により消化管系を主体としてReplicaを作成したが，一部はその隣接した体腔へも同時に注入して，得られた標本に対して局所解剖学的観察を試みた。本方法は肉眼レベルでの従来の観察手段では観察し得ない生体ないしこれに近い状態における新しい解剖学的知見を得る一つの方法である。材料はホルスタイン系牛胎仔および新生犢を用い体長Crown-Rump Lengsh(C,R.L.)法によって頭尻長を測定し，胎令推定の参考とした。 成績 第一章 Replicaによる胎仔および新生犢の反芻胃の形態的特徴について (1)外観上での各胃の大きさは，推定胎令3ヵ月で成牛のそれに近く，その後，第四胃の容積は増大し，従来の記載では第一胃・第四胃容積が逆転する時期については明確ではなかったが，このように立体モデルを通して推定胎令6ヵ月で第一胃と第四胃の容積比は逆転していることが明らかとなり，新生犢では第四胃は第一胃の2～2.5倍となっていた。 (2)第四胃が増大するに伴い，各胃の相互位置的関係，形態もその影響を受け，第一胃は徐々に内側に傾き第二胃も，小球状から舌状を呈するようになっていた。 (3)食道末端部に，粘膜ヒダを反映する左下方より走る明瞭な切れ込みを認め，さらに胎令6ヵ月以後でこれよりわずかに頭側に位置する部位に，食道末端部をとり囲むヒダを認めた。 (4)食道，第二胃溝第三胃管の走行は，立体的に示され右側より見て逆乙型を示し，第三胃管は凸状を示していた。これら(3)，(4)の点は従来の観察法では，認め得ないものであり新しい知見に加えられる。 (5)第一胃絨毛，第二胃小室，第三胃葉，第四胃帆等の各胃の形態学的特徴は，推定胎齢2～3ヵ月頃より立体的に鋳型標本上に明瞭に示されていた。 第二章 胎仔および新生犢の反芻胃のReplicaによる計測学的検討について (1)第一胃における特定な部位の長さ，(1)噴門口中心部と後腹盲嚢尾側端間の最大距離，(2)背嚢 背側端と腹嚢 腹側端間(後背腹盲嚢間が中央にくるように保定)を結ぶ最大距離，および(3)尾側より見て左右の胃壁間の最大距離には，相互間に相関があり，また個体の大きさとの間にも，これらの値に相関がみられ個体の体長，体重あるいは，体高の計測から第一胃の大きさを推定可能であることが示唆された。 (2)第一胃内容積は，体長，体重および体高と相関がみられ，体長，体重および体高の計測により第一胃内容積は，推定が可能であることが示された。また第一胃内容積と長さの計測値間にも単純相関がみられ，内容積と長さの間には，一定の比例関係が認められた。 第三章 胎仔および新生犢の胸腔内での食道の走行について 食道は胸腔内を通過する間に，三ヵ所に狭窄と彎曲がまた一ヵ所に膨大がみとめられた。狭窄は胸腺と左肺前葉前端とに挟まれた部位，大動脈に接する部位，および横隔膜食道裂孔直前の部位にみられた。彎曲は胸郭前口から第二胸椎付近にかけ腹方への曲りと，大動脈弓との接触部から始まる腹後方への曲り，および後縦隔膜を通過し，食道裂孔に向かう間に生ずる緩い側彎である。膨大は後縦隔膜に含まれる部分に一ヵ所認められた。 第四章 胎仔および新生犢の消化管に対する横隔膜の付着領域の比較検討について 横隔膜と食道および胃との付着部では，食道末端部および噴門部の表面には主として右脚から筋腺維が分布していた。胃に対する主な付着は左脚からの筋腺維によるものであった。胃に対する横隔膜の付着領域は，前方よりみて逆V型を示す。この逆V型を形成する左右両板のうち右板は，右脚からの筋腺維とともに噴門付近を被い，背方に向かって第一胃前房背側面から第一胃背嚢右側背縁に至っていた。この逆V型の左板は，第二胃背面より後方に向かい，第一胃背嚢左側背縁および，脾臓に至っていた。両板の背後側端における連結部は，胎仔においては非常に薄く，新生犢に至って厚く，広く，強靱となった。これらの両板の間および橋状の連結部の下には，疎線維性結合組織を伴なった漿膜に被われた盲管状の腹腔があり，それによってその下に位置するいわゆるNickelらのいうSchleudermagenは常に横隔膜への付着から遊離していた。 以上四章より得られた成果は，生体乃至これに近い状態における牛の食道および反芻胃の胎内発育の立体的な様相を総合的に表わし，さらに胎仔期より出生直後に至るいわば反芻機構準備期としての構造における局所解剖学的な意義を明らかにした。 |
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| Abstract | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||
| 内容記述 | Most of the resarches on the bovine stomach has emphasized the structural and physiologic propertis associated with rumination. The morphologic character of the ruminant stomachs is pertinently reviewed in some textbooks. Information is also available on the prenatal development of the ruminant stomachs as well as on their postnatal development. However, the constributions dealing with macroscopic structure have been based mainly on in situ observations of the formalin-hardened stomach and surrounding vicera. Recently, we found that the casts produced by injection of synthetic resin into the alimentary canal through the esophagus are advantageous in understanding the proportions of the stomach. The present study was undertaken to elucidate in more ditail the development patterns of 1) the proportions of the stomach, 2) the course of the esophagus in the thoracic cavity, 3) the attachment of the diaphragm to the stomach and its surrounding viscera in fetal and early neonatal periods, on the basis of the resin-casts. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The developmental pattern of the proportion of the stomch. A) Entire view of development: The cast of the caudal end of the esophagus had a marked semilunar incisure from the ventral to the left side. The incisure continued to the left lip of the reticular groove, suggesting the presence of a fold in reality. In younger fetuses, the rumen was the largest with other three parts like its appendices. The situation was soon reversed in such a way that the abomasum was the largest with smaller rumen on its left back. Such a reversal seems to occur between 5 and 6 month of fetal age. . Small dents on the cast of the rumen reflected ruminal papillae and were especially maked in the anterior sac of the rumen, beginning to appear at 5 month of fetal age or later. The reticular cells were arranged in rows from the left, piling upward from the blind end to the neck, where they became smaller to fuse with each other into fine folds which connected with similar fine folds in the reticulo-omasal orifice as well as in the rumen. B) Morphometric studies: Parameters of measurement of the resin-casts were the lengths of several defined parts of the rumen, the volume of the rumen, the angles of pairs of planes through several defined parts of the rumen, and the angles of planes through long axes of rumen, omasus and abomasus to the median plane through the esophagus. The defined parts of the rumen for length measurement were 1) the distance btween the entrance of the cardia and the caudal tip of the ventro-caudal sac of the rumen, 2) the distance between the dorsal surface of the dorsal sac and the ventral surface of the ventral sac of the rumen and 3) the distance between the left and right ruminal walls. These values had a statistically significant correlation with each other as well as a significant correlation to the body weight, length and height of animals enable us to estimate of the size of their rumen. The volume of the rumen was also positively to the body weight, length and height of animals, suggesting a possibility to estimate inversely the volume of the rumen by the size of animals. Measurement of angles as described aboved revealed that the shape of cranial part of the rumen was approximately stable in all animals which we observed. In contrast, the shape of the caudal part varied with a grest range. Finally, definite correlation of angles was observed neither between the median plane and the long axis of the abomasus. 2) The course of the esophagus in the thoracic cavity The thoracic course of the esophagus was examined by resineasts of the thoracic hollow organs with a comparison of the formalin-hardened organs, with special reference to the site of constriction, curvature and ampulla. Resin and formalin injections were made into the esophagus, and trachea and the axillary arter and vein. The esophagus in the thorax had three constrictions. The first was located at the site pressed by the dorso-caudal end of the developing thymus and by the anterior border of the left anterior pulmonary lobe. The second was located at the site where the aortic arch was sttached on its left side, just before the bifurcation of the trachea. The third was located very closely to the hiatus esophageus of the diaphragm, surrounded by the left and right posterior and the accessory pulmonary lobes and the muscular diaphragmatic crura which were well-developed characteristically in this species. The esophagus in the thorax had three curvatures. The first was concave ventrally, located between the level of the seventh cervical vertebra and that of the second thoracic vertebra. The second curvature was convex dorsally, beginning at the site of the attachment of the aorta to bend slightly ventro-caudad. The third was horizontal, beginning shortly behind the bifurcation of the trachea in the median plane of the body axis to bend gently toward the left-hiatus esophageus. The esophagus had an ampulla in the way of passing the posterior mediastenum. 3) The attachment of the diaphragm to the stomach and its surrounding viscera. In ruminants such as cattle, the way of attachment of the diaphragm to the abdominal organs may have an important meaning to rumination. In this section, the way of attachment particularly to the stomach was examined by observation of formalin-fixed materials and resin-casts of the alimentary canal along with the casts of thoracic and abdominal cavities. The caudal end of esophagus and the cardia were supplied mainly with muscular fiders from the right crus of the diaphragm. Main attachments to the stomach were those by muscular tissues from the left crus. The areas of the diaphragmatic attachment to the stomach showed parallel limbs, both dorso-caudal ends of which were connected like an inverted V-shape with a frontal view. The right limb of this inverted V-shape converted the cardiac region in association with muscular fibers from the right crs, extending backward to the dorsal surface of the crania1 sac of rumen to reach the right dorsal surface of the dorsal sac of rumen. The left limb started from the dorsal surface of reticulum, extending backward to the left dorsal surface of the dorsal sac of rumen to reach the spleen. The connecting part of the both limbs was very thin in fetuses, becoming thicker, wider and more tight in neonates. Between these two limbs and under the bridge-like connection of both limbs, ablind tunnel-like space lined by a serous membrane with loose connective tissus was located to leave the so-called "Atrium ruminis" (Nickel et al.) always free from the diaphragm. The foregoing observations may be helpful in considering the mechanism of rumination. |
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| 学位名 | ||||||||
| 学位名 | 獣医学博士 | |||||||
| 学位授与機関 | ||||||||
| 学位授与機関名 | 麻布大学 | |||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | ||||||||
| 学位授与年月日 | 1980-06-04 | |||||||
| 学位授与番号 | ||||||||
| 学位授与番号 | 乙第169号 | |||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||
| 出版タイプ | AM | |||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |||||||
