@misc{oai:az.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003150, author = {増田, 高志 and Masuda, Takashi}, month = {2013-06-20, 2014-08-18}, note = {Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7(-):(EHEC O157) [also called Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli:(VTEC) or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli:(STEC)] was first identified in an outbreak caused by undercooked hamburger at same fast food restaurant chain in Oregon and Michigan(USA) in 1982. EHEC O157 infection has became a worldwide sirious problem. In Japan, the first outbreak of this pathogen occurred at kindergarten in Urawa city(Saitama prefecture) in 1990. Since May 1996, outbreaks and sporadic cases have increased. In July 1996, big outbreaks(cases-5,727, deaths-3) occurred at primary school in Sakai city(Osaka prefecture). According to the reports by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, total reported cases of EHEC O157 infection numbred 9,451, hospitalized 1,808 and deaths 12 in 1996. In USA, Canada, United Kingdom, EHEC O157 was isolated specimens of hamburger(minced beef), roast beef, raw milk, vegetables. Therefor, cattle are suspected to be one of the most singnificant sources of EHEC O157. In Japan, EHEC O157 was isolated specimens of radish sprouts(Kaiware daikon), okaka salad, potato salad. In epidemiologcal investigation, beef have been suspected for the source of diffuse outbreaks. But rapid and accurate methods for the isolation of EHEC O157 is not established yet. And also in Japan, EHEC O157 isolates were hardly analyzed by the phage typing scheme for epidemiological investigations. This study has evaluated that phage types of EHEC O157 isolated from human and cattle, effects of pH, sodium chloride(NaCl) cocentration and temprature on the growth of EHEC O157, methods for isolation of EHEC O157 from commercial foods(meats and vegetables), methods for isolation of freeze-injured EHEC O157 from vegetables, and EHEC O157 contamination in food and water samples in Shizuoka prefecture. 1. Phage types of EHEC O157 isolated from human and cattle From 1987 to 2000, a total of 545 EHEC O157 strains(170 from human feces and 375 from cattle sources) collected were submitted for phage typing and others(serotyping, VT typing, drug resistance). Of these, 508 strains (162 from human and 346 from cattle) were phage typed. In human strains, 21 different phage types(PT1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 24, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 45, 49, 54, 56, 61, 72) were identified. And in cattle strains, 22 different phage types (PTI, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, 43, 45, 54, 56, 63, 67, 71, 74, 78) were also identified. Predominant phage types were PT2(16.5%), 32(14.7%), 4 and 21(10.6%) in human strains, PT34(18.1%), 54(16.3%), 39(10.9%), 23(8.8%) in cattle strains. Fourteen phage types(PT1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 45, 54, 56) were common in both sources. Phage types of strains isolated from the same outbreaks(group or family) were the same. These result suggest that the phage typing scheme isuseful in the studying causative factors in epidemiological investigations. 2. Effects of pH, sodium chloride cocentration(NaCl) and temprature on the growth of EHEC O157. Effects of pH(3.0-11.0), NaCl(0.5-10.0%) and temperature (5.0-48.0℃) in TSB on the growth of EHEC O157 were examined. Growth of EHEC O157 occurred 4.5